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Planetary Nebula Library: Hydro Runs

See the following pages for additional runs, tests, and changes:

• Go to the ​Clump + Jet page for models that include both a clump and jet.
• Go to the ​Tests page for current tests being done.
• Go ​here to find a list of changes that were made to the PN Library today.

Reason for Library

Here we explore a variety of possible parameters and environments that can shape planetary nebulae, presented in various forms. This library will record a number of combinations of different density backgrounds and types of flows and also any parameter changes within those different combinations. The environments and flow structures are listed below.

Environments:

• Constant Ambient: The surrounding density is initially constant.
• Stratified Ambient: The surrounding density falls off as 1/r².
• Toroidal Ambient: The surrounding density decays from the equator to the pole as defined in ​Frank & Mellema, 1994 Apj by the following variables:
  • \alpha_{t} describes the contrast in density of the torus from the pole to the equator.
  • \beta_{t} describes how elliptical or spherical the torus is. Small values coincide with a more elliptical torus while values closer to 1 indicate a more spherical torus.

Flow Structures:

• Clump: A spherical cloud of gas.
• Jet: A constant stream of gas.
• Diverging Wind: A constant stream of gas that sweeps an arc in the surrounding medium.

(See ​Ruka's PN Page for MHD models.)

Standard Parameters

Unless otherwise indicated, these are the parameters to be assumed for the following models.

Outflow Radius	500 AU
Initial Density of Jets & Winds	400 cm-3
Initial Density of Clumps	4e6 cm-3
Initial Density of Ambient	400 cm-3
Initial Temperature of Outflow & Ambient	100 K
Velocity of Outflow	200 km/s
Acceleration time (Jets & Winds ONLY)	1% of total run time

The environment is a stratified and toroidal ambient, unless otherwise noted.

Torus Alpha (\alpha_{t})	.7
Torus Beta (\beta_{t})	10

t = 0 Frames to Illustrate the Ambient Medium

Constant Ambient, n=1 cm-3	Stratified Only	Stratified+Toroidal

Clump

Constant Ambient, clumps density = 4e6

Ambient Density = 1 cm-3	Ambient Density = 10 cm-3	Ambient Density = 100 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

[BR]]

Constant Ambient, clumps density = 4e2

Ambient Density = 1 cm-3	Ambient Density = 10 cm-3	Ambient Density = 100 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Varied Ambient

Constant Ambient, n=1 cm-3 Outflow Temp = 104 K	Stratified Ambient	Stratified+Toroidal
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Jets

Velocity Variations

V = 100 km/s	V = 200 km/s	V = 300 km/s
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Jet Temperature Variations

10 K	1000 K	105 K
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Jet Density Variations

n = 40 cm-3	n = 400 cm-3	n = 4000 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Acceleration Time Variations

tt = 0 years	tt = 165 years	tt = 412.5 years
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Diverging Wind, 10 degree opening angle

Wind Temperature Variations

100 K	1000 K	104 K
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Wind Density Variations

n = 40 cm-3	400 cm-3	4000 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Tapered Wind, 10 degrees

Wind Density Variations

n = 40 cm-3	400 cm-3	4000 cm-3
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure

Spherical Wind

Wind Density and Wind Temperature Variations

n = 40 cm-3 T = 100K	n = 40 cm-3 T = 105K	n = 400 cm-3 T = 100K
​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure	​movie ​velocity&temp ​density&pressure