Coupled EBM Project Update 7/15
EBM (Energy Balance Model) = climate model that balances the incoming solar radiation with outgoing infrared radiation (IR) to approximate the temporal progression of planetary temperature
- Simplifications (from Williams & Kasting (1997))
- ebm averages heat capacity, surface albedo, and temperature over 10 deg wide latitudinal areas…
- causes us to overestimate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the continents
- also in doing this we ignore meridional land-sea temperature gradients which affect dynamic heat transport and weather
- becomes more of an issue with higher obliquity, as these types of planets have very large latitudinal temperature gradient
- ebm models latitudinal heat transport as diffusion, where in reality, wind patterns and energy transport are much more complicated
- ebm averages heat capacity, surface albedo, and temperature over 10 deg wide latitudinal areas…
Initial IR calculation: linear relationship for outgoing IR, based off of North et al. 1981 (A+BT)
New IR calculation: higher-order polynomial parameterization of outgoing longwave radiation and planetary albedo, from Williams & Kasting (1997) paper, obtained from fits to Jim Kasting's radiative-convective model earthtem_ir
- Benefits:
- lets us specify atmospheric co2 levels with variable=pco2 (unit bar)
- Limitations:
- error is 4.56 W*m-2
- this version of ir can be applied for…
- 190 K < Temperatures < 370 K
- .00001 bars < pco2 < 10 bars
Exploring the EBM
Goal: Use our Energy Balance Model (EBM) to approximate the width of the habitable zone of our solar system
Method
- Assuming all other parameters of the Earth are held constant, we change the effective orbital distance (d) by altering the input corresponding to the relative solar constant
- the solar constant (S) is normally a function of stellar Luminosity and orbital distance, but with Luminosity being constant, it reduces to an inverse square law:
- The Habitable ("Goldilocks") Zone is defined to be any orbital distance that can result in liquid water:
- Water Freezes: (blue dotted line)
- Water Boils: (red dotted line)
- I then run our uncoupled EBM, with default, deterministic, Earth-like inputs, for three years, and then plot the final global temperatures, discretized by latitude
- black dotted line is the final globally averaged temperature
The table below summarizes the findings from the plots above…
Orbital Distance (AU) Relative Solar Constant (relsolcon) New Solar Constant (Wm-2) Final Globally Averaged Temperature (Kelvin) .61 2.69 3,658.4 371.94 Too Hot (left plot) 1 1 1,360 287 Just Right (middle plot) 1.2 0.69 938.4 274.05 Too Cold (right plot)
Conclusion: This data lets us give an approximate width for our habitable zone of 0.59 AU
(Williams and Kastings (1997) estimated a width of our habitable zone of approximately 0.4 AU)
Next Steps
- Add complexity to the population logistic growth equation
- Then couple the updated EBM to the updated population model
- Explore Results!
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